Absolute zero

Lowest theoretical temperature

Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value. The fundamental particles of nature have minimum vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle motion. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as 0 kelvin, which is −273.15 degrees on the Celsius scale, and equals −459.67 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale. The Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales set their zero points at absolute zero by definition.

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