Abstand and ausbau languages

Relationships among standard and other languages

In sociolinguistics, an abstand language is a language variety or cluster of varieties with significant linguistic distance from all others, while an ausbau language is a standard variety, possibly with related dependent varieties. Heinz Kloss introduced these terms in 1952 to denote two separate and largely independent sets of criteria for recognizing a "language":one based on linguistic properties compared to related varieties the other based on sociopolitical functions

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