Chlorine-free germanium processing

Germanium production methods

Chlorine-free germanium processing are methods of germanium activation to form useful germanium precursors in a more energy efficient and environmentally friendly way compared to traditional synthetic routes. Germanium tetrachloride is a valuable intermediate for the synthesis of many germanium complexes. Normal synthesis of it involves an energy-intensive dehydration of germanium oxide, , with hydrogen chloride, Due to the environmental and safety impact of non-recyclable, high energy reactions with , an alternative synthesis of a shelf-stable germanium intermediate precursor without chlorine is of interest. In 2017, a synthesis of organogermanes, without using chloride species was reported, allowing for a much more environmentally friendly and low energy synthesis using , , and even selectively activating germanium in the presence of zinc oxide, resulting in products that are bench stable and solid.

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