Chromatoid body

Structure within the cytoplasm of male germ cells

In cellular biology, a chromatoid body is a dense structure in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. It is composed mainly of RNA and RNA-binding proteins and is thus a type of RNP granule. Chromatoid body-like granules first appear in spermatocytes and condense into a single granule in round spermatids. The structure disappears again when spermatids start to elongate. The chromatoid body is crucial for spermatogenesis, but its exact role in the process is not known. Following significant strides in the understanding of small non-coding RNA mediated gene regulation and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and their roles in germline development, the function of chromatoid bodies (CBs) has been somewhat elucidated. However, due to similarities with RNP granules found in somatic cells – such as stress granules and processing bodies – chromatoid body is thought to be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Postmeiotic germ cell differentiation induces the accumulation of piRNAs and proteins of piRNA machinery along with several distinct RNA regulator proteins. Although evidence suggests CB involvement in mRNA regulation and small RNA mediated gene regulation, the mechanism of action remains obscure.

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