Cystotheca lanestris

North American gall-inducing fungus

Cystotheca lanestris, the live oak witch's broom fungus, is a species of mildew that infects buds and induces stem galls called witch's brooms on oak trees in California, Arizona, and Mexico in North America. Witch's brooms are "abnormal clusters of shoots that are thickened, elongated, and highly branched." This fungus infects coast live oaks, interior live oaks, canyon live oaks, valley oaks, and tanoaks, and is most commonly found along the coast. Research published in 2023 newly describes this fungus as also growing in association with Quercus laceyi and Q. toumeyi.

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