Hormonal oral contraceptives

Preventive medications to avoid pregnancy

Hormonal oral contraceptives are preventive medications taken orally to avoid pregnancy in sexually active active females by manipulating their sex hormones. The first oral contraceptive was approved by the FDA and sold to the market in 1960. There are two types of hormonal oral contraceptives, namely Combined Oral Contraceptives and Progesterone Only Pills. Oral contraceptives, be it combined or progesterone-only, can effectively prevent pregnancy by regulating hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle, inhibiting ovulation, and altering cervical mucus to impede sperm mobility; combined pills have extra effects in menstrual cycle regulation and menstrual pain relief. Common off-label uses include menstrual suppression and acne relief, with Combined Oral Contraceptives having additional benefits in relieving menstrual migraine.

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