Indochinese alcohol monopoly

The Indochinese alcohol monopoly was one of French Indochina's defining institutions. Through a favorable combination of advances pioneered by Albert Calmette, development of the Société Française Des Distilleries de l’Indochine (SFDIC) by Auguste Raphaël Fontaine, and then-Governor General Paul Doumer’s economic development plan in the 1890s, the French succeeded in displacing local Chinese entrepreneurs. This led to the establishment of a state alcohol monopoly in 1897.:5-7 By subverting native production networks and imposing strict controls on alcohol sales and production, the colonial state transformed the alcohol regime into an integral source of revenue for Indochina's economic development.:2

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