Lebensreform

Social movement in German-speaking lands around the turn of the twentieth century

Lebensreform is the German generic term for various social reform movements that started since the mid-19th century and originated especially in the German Empire and later in Switzerland. Common features were the criticism of industrialisation, materialism and urbanization combined with striving for the state of nature. Common practices included vegetarism, naturopathy, naturism, gymnastics and expressionist dance. The various movements did not have an overarching organization, but there were numerous associations.

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