Nguyễn dynasty

Imperial dynasty in Vietnam, 1802–1945

The Nguyễn dynasty was the last Vietnamese dynasty, which was preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruled the unified Vietnamese state independently from 1802 to 1883 before being a French protectorate. During the independence period, Nguyễn Vietnam was a great power in Southeast Asia, especially under Emperor Minh Mạng. During its existence, the empire directly expanded into modern-day Cambodia and Laos and ended the existence of Champa through a continuation of the centuries-long Nam tiến and the Siamese–Vietnamese wars. Vietnamese territory peaked in the history from 1834 to 1841. The empire also used to implement a strong assimilation policy against ethnic minority and suppress Christianity. Unlike their ancestors, the Nguyễn dynasty applied a closed country policy and harsh Confucianism until the French came. With the French conquest of Vietnam, the Nguyễn dynasty was forced to give up sovereignty over parts of Southern Vietnam to France in 1862 and 1874, and after 1883 the Nguyễn dynasty only nominally ruled the French protectorates of Annam as well as Tonkin. They later cancelled treaties with France and were the Empire of Vietnam for a short time until 25 August 1945.

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