Pukara

Type of prehistoric fort in the Andes

Pukara is a defensive hilltop site or fortification built by the prehispanic and historic inhabitants of the central Andean area. In some cases, these sites acted as temporary fortified refuges during periods of increased conflict, while other sites show evidence for permanent occupation. Emerging as a major site type during the Late Intermediate Period, the pukara form was adopted in some areas by the Inca military in contested borderlands of the Inca Empire. The Spanish also referred to the Mapuche earthen forts built during the Arauco War in the 16th and 17th centuries by this term.

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